| In thinking about the evolution of memory together with all its possible aspects, it is helpful to consider what would happen if memories failed to fade. Forgetting clearly aids orientation in time, since old memories weaken and the new tend to stand out, providing clues for inferring duration. Without forgetting, adaptive ability would suffer, for example, learned behavior that might have been correct a decade ago may no longer be. Cases are recorded of people who (by ordinary standards) forgot so little that their everyday activities were full of confusion. Thus forgetting seems to serve that survival of the individual and the species. Another line of thought assumes a memory storage system of limited capacity that provides adaptive flexibility specifically through forgetting. In this view, continual adjustments are made between learning or memory storage (input) and forgetting (output). Indeed, there is evidence that the rate at which individuals forgets is directly related to how much they have learned. Such data offer gross support of contemporary models of memory that assume an input-output balance. | |
| 在思考记忆的进化过程及其他相关方面时，考虑下面这个问题是很有益处的，即，如果记忆不能渐渐消失将会出现什么情形。遗忘明显有助于时间的定位，因为旧的记忆淡化了，使新的记忆清晰醒目，为推断某事的持续时间提供了线索。没有遗忘，适应性能力就会受损；例如，十年前所学的正确行为现在也许不再被认为是正确的。案例记载了这样一些人，他们（按一般人的标准）忘记的事情太少以至于日常生活充满了困惑。因此，遗忘似乎有助于个人以及人类的生存。 另一条思路假设人的记忆存储系统储量有限，它专门通过遗忘来提供适应之灵活性。依此观点，学习或记忆储存（输入）与遗忘（输出）之间始终在不断地调节。的确，有证据显示个人遗忘的比率与他们学得的知识量的多少直接相关。这样的数据为认为输入—输出持衡的当代记忆模式提供了总体上的支持。 |
| In thinking about the evolution of memory together with all its possible aspects, it is helpful to consider what would happen if memories failed to fade. Forgetting clearly aids orientation in time, since old memories weaken and the new tend to stand out, providing clues for inferring duration. Without forgetting, adaptive ability would suffer, for example, learned behavior that might have been correct a decade ago may no longer be. Cases are recorded of people who by ordinary standards forgot so little that their everyday activities were full of confusion. Thus forgetting seems to serve that survival of the individual and the species. Another line of thought assumes a memory storage system of limited capacity that provides adaptive flexibility specifically through forgetting. In this view, continual adjustments are made between learning or memory storage input and forgetting output. Indeed, there is evidence that the rate at which individuals forgets is directly related to how much they have learned. Such data offer gross support of contemporary models of memory that assume an inputoutput balance. | |
| zai si kao ji yi de jin hua guo cheng ji qi ta xiang guan fang mian shi, kao lv xia mian zhe ge wen ti shi hen you yi chu de, ji, ru guo ji yi bu neng jian jian xiao shi jiang hui chu xian shen me qing xing. yi wang ming xian you zhu yu shi jian de ding wei, yin wei jiu de ji yi dan hua le, shi xin de ji yi qing xi xing mu, wei tui duan mou shi de chi xu shi jian ti gong le xian suo. mei you yi wang, shi ying xing neng li jiu hui shou sun li ru, shi nian qian suo xue de zheng que xing wei xian zai ye xu bu zai bei ren wei shi zheng que de. an li ji zai le zhe yang yi xie ren, ta men an yi ban ren de biao zhun wang ji de shi qing tai shao yi zhi yu ri chang sheng huo chong man le kun huo. yin ci, yi wang si hu you zhu yu ge ren yi ji ren lei de sheng cun. ling yi tiao si lu jia she ren de ji yi cun chu xi tong chu liang you xian, ta zhuan men tong guo yi wang lai ti gong shi ying zhi ling huo xing. yi ci guan dian, xue xi huo ji yi chu cun shu ru yu yi wang shu chu zhi jian shi zhong zai bu duan di tiao jie. di que, you zheng ju xian shi ge ren yi wang de bi lv yu ta men xue de de zhi shi liang de duo shao zhi jie xiang guan. zhe yang de shu ju wei ren wei shu ru shu chu chi heng di dang dai ji yi mo shi ti gong le zong ti shang de zhi chi. |
| In thinking about the evolution of memory together with all its possible aspects, it is helpful to consider what would happen if memories failed to fade. Forgetting clearly aids orientation in time, since old memories weaken and the new tend to stand out, providing clues for inferring duration. Without forgetting, adaptive ability would suffer, for example, learned behavior that might have been correct a decade ago may no longer be. Cases are recorded of people who by ordinary standards forgot so little that their everyday activities were full of confusion. Thus forgetting seems to serve that survival of the individual and the species. Another line of thought assumes a memory storage system of limited capacity that provides adaptive flexibility specifically through forgetting. In this view, continual adjustments are made between learning or memory storage input and forgetting output. Indeed, there is evidence that the rate at which individuals forgets is directly related to how much they have learned. Such data offer gross support of contemporary models of memory that assume an inputoutput balance. | |
| zài sī kǎo jì yì de jìn huà guò chéng jí qí tā xiāng guān fāng miàn shí, kǎo lǜ xià miàn zhè gè wèn tí shì hěn yǒu yì chu de, jí, rú guǒ jì yì bù néng jiàn jiàn xiāo shī jiāng huì chū xiàn shén me qíng xíng. yí wàng míng xiǎn yǒu zhù yú shí jiān de dìng wèi, yīn wèi jiù de jì yì dàn huà le, shǐ xīn de jì yì qīng xī xǐng mù, wèi tuī duàn mǒu shì de chí xù shí jiān tí gōng le xiàn suǒ. méi yǒu yí wàng, shì yìng xìng néng lì jiù huì shòu sǔn lì rú, shí nián qián suǒ xué de zhèng què xíng wéi xiàn zài yě xǔ bù zài bèi rèn wéi shì zhèng què de. àn lì jì zǎi le zhè yàng yī xiē rén, tā men àn yì bān rén de biāo zhǔn wàng jì de shì qíng tài shǎo yǐ zhì yú rì cháng shēng huó chōng mǎn le kùn huò. yīn cǐ, yí wàng sì hū yǒu zhù yú gè rén yǐ jí rén lèi de shēng cún. lìng yī tiáo sī lù jiǎ shè rén de jì yì cún chǔ xì tǒng chǔ liàng yǒu xiàn, tā zhuān mén tōng guò yí wàng lái tí gōng shì yìng zhī líng huó xìng. yī cǐ guān diǎn, xué xí huò jì yì chǔ cún shū rù yǔ yí wàng shū chū zhī jiān shǐ zhōng zài bù duàn dì tiáo jié. dí què, yǒu zhèng jù xiǎn shì gè rén yí wàng de bǐ lǜ yǔ tā men xué dé de zhī shí liàng de duō shǎo zhí jiē xiāng guān. zhè yàng de shù jù wèi rèn wéi shū rù shū chū chí héng dí dàng dài jì yì mó shì tí gōng le zǒng tǐ shàng de zhī chí. |
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