| It could have been worse, and for the Jews of England, it was. The Welsh wars cost ten times the King's annual revenue, and the price of victory and castle building had so exhaustively bled the Jews - the usual source of loans and taxation - so they had nothing left to yield, and so could be dispensed with altogether. Early in his reign, Edward, perhaps acting from religious conviction, outlawed money lending, and so put most of England's Jews out of business. He then forced them to wear yellow felt badges of identification and so be recognised as the sub-species of humanity he undoubtedly believed they were. A year after his first Welsh invasion, Edward arrested all the heads of the Jewish households and hanged nearly 300 in the Tower. | |
| 如果说还有谁比这更不幸，那就是英格兰的犹太人。威尔士战争的费用是全国一年总收入的十倍，维持战争和修建城堡的资金筹募，榨干了犹太人的全部财产。而他们正是贷款和赋税的主要来源，在失去利用价值后，他们被彻底抛弃，无一幸免。在统治的早期，爱德华，或许是根据教会的裁定，禁止了资金借贷，导致大部分英格兰的犹太人破产。随后他强迫犹太人佩戴黄色毛毡徽章以标识身份，犹太人被界定为下等民族，爱德华对这一点确信无疑。在他入侵威尔士一年之后，爱德华抓捕了所有犹太家庭的户主，并在伦敦塔上吊死了其中将近300人。 |
| It could have been worse, and for the Jews of England, it was. The Welsh wars cost ten times the King' s annual revenue, and the price of victory and castle building had so exhaustively bled the Jews the usual source of loans and taxation so they had nothing left to yield, and so could be dispensed with altogether. Early in his reign, Edward, perhaps acting from religious conviction, outlawed money lending, and so put most of England' s Jews out of business. He then forced them to wear yellow felt badges of identification and so be recognised as the subspecies of humanity he undoubtedly believed they were. A year after his first Welsh invasion, Edward arrested all the heads of the Jewish households and hanged nearly 300 in the Tower. | |
| ru guo shuo hai you shui bi zhe geng bu xing, na jiu shi ying ge lan de you tai ren. wei er shi zhan zheng de fei yong shi quan guo yi nian zong shou ru de shi bei, wei chi zhan zheng he xiu jian cheng bao de zi jin chou mu, zha gan le you tai ren de quan bu cai chan. er ta men zheng shi dai kuan he fu shui de zhu yao lai yuan, zai shi qu li yong jia zhi hou, ta men bei che di pao qi, wu yi xing mian. zai tong zhi de zao qi, ai de hua, huo xu shi gen ju jiao hui de cai ding, jin zhi le zi jin jie dai, dao zhi da bu fen ying ge lan de you tai ren po chan. sui hou ta qiang po you tai ren pei dai huang se mao zhan hui zhang yi biao shi shen fen, you tai ren bei jie ding wei xia deng min zu, ai de hua dui zhe yi dian que xin wu yi. zai ta ru qin wei er shi yi nian zhi hou, ai de hua zhua bu le suo you you tai jia ting de hu zhu, bing zai lun dun ta shang diao si le qi zhong jiang jin 300 ren. |
| It could have been worse, and for the Jews of England, it was. The Welsh wars cost ten times the King' s annual revenue, and the price of victory and castle building had so exhaustively bled the Jews the usual source of loans and taxation so they had nothing left to yield, and so could be dispensed with altogether. Early in his reign, Edward, perhaps acting from religious conviction, outlawed money lending, and so put most of England' s Jews out of business. He then forced them to wear yellow felt badges of identification and so be recognised as the subspecies of humanity he undoubtedly believed they were. A year after his first Welsh invasion, Edward arrested all the heads of the Jewish households and hanged nearly 300 in the Tower. | |
| rú guǒ shuō hái yǒu shuí bǐ zhè gèng bù xìng, nà jiù shì yīng gé lán de yóu tài rén. wēi ěr shì zhàn zhēng de fèi yòng shì quán guó yī nián zǒng shōu rù de shí bèi, wéi chí zhàn zhēng hé xiū jiàn chéng bǎo de zī jīn chóu mù, zhà gàn le yóu tài rén de quán bù cái chǎn. ér tā men zhèng shì dài kuǎn hé fù shuì de zhǔ yào lái yuán, zài shī qù lì yòng jià zhí hòu, tā men bèi chè dǐ pāo qì, wú yī xìng miǎn. zài tǒng zhì de zǎo qī, ài dé huá, huò xǔ shì gēn jù jiào huì de cái dìng, jìn zhǐ le zī jīn jiè dài, dǎo zhì dà bù fèn yīng gé lán de yóu tài rén pò chǎn. suí hòu tā qiǎng pò yóu tài rén pèi dài huáng sè máo zhān huī zhāng yǐ biāo shí shēn fèn, yóu tài rén bèi jiè dìng wéi xià děng mín zú, ài dé huá duì zhè yì diǎn què xìn wú yí. zài tā rù qīn wēi ěr shì yī nián zhī hòu, ài dé huá zhuā bǔ le suǒ yǒu yóu tài jiā tíng de hù zhǔ, bìng zài lún dūn tǎ shàng diào sǐ le qí zhōng jiàng jìn 300 rén. |
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