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Over five years, Henry and Edward manoeuvred against de Montfort for power until finally, words ran out. For this was no threemonth paper revolution, like the original signing of the Magna Carta. The issue could now only be settled on the field of battle. For the first time since the Norman Conquest, the political fate of England was completely fluid, its eventual outcome uncertain. In 1264, de Montfort won the first round at the Battle of Lewes on the Sussex Downs. King Henry and Edward were both taken prisoner. The year which followed, with de Montfort in charge, was the closest England came to a republic until the days of Oliver Cromwell. And in Parliament, not just aristocrats and bishops, but ordinary knights of the shire and even burgesses from the towns presumed to discuss the fate of their superiors a Prince and a King. |
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zài wǔ nián de shí jiān lǐ, hēng lì hé ài dé huá duì dé méng dé fú tè jī guān suàn jìn, qǐ tú móu dé quán lì. zhí dào zuì hòu, yì tú zhāo rán tiān xià, zhè yǐ bù zài shì qiān dìng dà xiàn zhāng shí de nà zhǒng. lì shí sān ge yuè de zhǐ shàng gé mìng, zhè shì yí gè fēi wǔ lì bù kě jiě jué de wèn tí. zì nuò màn zhēng fú yǐ lái, yīng gé lán de zhèng zhì mìng yùn dì yī cì biàn de rú cǐ dòng dàng bù kān, méi rén néng yù cè jié guǒ jiāng hé qù hé cóng. 1264 nián, zài sū sāi kè sī qiū líng de liú yì sī zhàn yì zhōng. dé méng dé fú tè shǒu zhàn gào jié, hēng lì wáng hé ài dé huá tóng shí lún wéi zhàn fú. zài jiē xià lái de yī nián lǐ, dé méng dé fú tè tǒng shuài quán jú. yīng gé lán jù lí gòng hé zhì yī bù zhī yáo, wèi néng shī xíng, zhēn zhèng de gòng hé guó shì hòu shì de ào lì fú kè lún wēi ěr jiàn lì de. zài yì huì zhōng, bù zhǐ shì guì zú hé zhǔ jiào, jiù lián píng fán de de jùn jí jué shì, shèn zhì shì pǔ tōng zhèn mín, dōu gǎn yú tǎo lùn tā men de tǒng zhì zhě, guó wáng hé wáng zǐ de mìng yùn. |