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It was as a politician that John was most obviously a wretched failure. Under his father, the empire had been sustained by a shrewd combination of charisma and feudal loyalty. John' s problem was his difficulty in believing that anyone would ever be more than a fairweather friend. So he relied on blackmail and extortion, threats to the barons rather than promises. Assuming disloyalty, he ended up guaranteeing it. So when John needed the barons most, when Normandy was threatened by the French King, they weren' t there for him. The result was a catastrophic defeat. The loss of Normandy ripped the heart out of Angevin power. |
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zuò wéi zhèng zhì jiā lái shuō, zài yě méi yǒu bǐ yuē hàn gèng jiā yī bài tú dì de le. qí fù zài wèi shí, zhè gè guó jiā wéi xì yú jūn zhǔ de hào zhào lì hé duì fēng jiàn zhì dù de zhōng chéng, liǎng zhě jiān de qiǎo miào jié hé. yuē hàn de wèn tí zài yú bù xìn rèn bié rén, zǒng shì rèn wéi bié rén bù guò shì jiǔ ròu zhī jiāo. duì dài guì zú, tā zhǐ chóng shàng qiāo zhà lè suǒ hé xié pò, níng wǒ fù tiān xià rén, mò ràng tiān xià rén fù wǒ. jié guǒ què shì yǔ yuàn wéi, dāng nuò màn dǐ shòu dào fǎ wáng wēi xié, yuē hàn zuì xū yào tā men de jǐn yào guān tóu. guì zú men què méi yǒu shēn chū yuán shǒu, zuì zhōng dǎo zhì le zāi nàn xìng de shī bài, tòng shī nuò màn dǐ lìng ān rú wáng cháo yuán qì dà shāng. |