| Fulfilling one and two went without saying. But what was surprising about Henry was he took vows three and four just as seriously. Before Henry, justice was, "Do what I want, I'm the king." By the end of Henry's reign, getting the king's justice didn't depend on the king being there in person. Henry had established permanent, professional courts, sitting at Westminster or touring the counties, acting reliably in his name. Now law became, "Listen to what my judges have to say." By 1180, those judges could consult England's first legal textbook full of precedents on which to base their decisions. The law now had its own kind of majesty. It was vow Number One though, the protection of the Church, which quite unpredictably would cause Henry II the greatest grief. It was to provoke a kind of spiritual civil war, in its way every bit as unsettling as the feudal civil war, and which in its most dreadful hour would end with bloodshed in the Cathedral. | |
| 完成一两项自然不在话下，但令人震惊的是亨利郑重发誓要做到三四项。在亨利以前，审判只是"国王所言，照做便是"。到了亨利统治的晚期，国王的审判，不再依赖于国王亲自到场主持。亨利设立了固定的职业法庭，坐镇威斯敏斯特，或在各地巡回开庭，以他的名义主持审判。如今，法律成为"听听法官怎么说"。1180年，法官们可以查阅英格兰第一本合法的教材，以其中的判例作为审判的依据，法律终于有了自己的尊严，而正是第一条誓言，保护教会，谁都没有想到造成了亨利二世最大的悲剧，由此爆发的信仰之战，其激烈程度丝毫不亚于国土之争，直接导致了最后的惨剧，以大教堂的流血事件收场。 |
| Fulfilling one and two went without saying. But what was surprising about Henry was he took vows three and four just as seriously. Before Henry, justice was, " Do what I want, I' m the king." By the end of Henry' s reign, getting the king' s justice didn' t depend on the king being there in person. Henry had established permanent, professional courts, sitting at Westminster or touring the counties, acting reliably in his name. Now law became, " Listen to what my judges have to say." By 1180, those judges could consult England' s first legal textbook full of precedents on which to base their decisions. The law now had its own kind of majesty. It was vow Number One though, the protection of the Church, which quite unpredictably would cause Henry II the greatest grief. It was to provoke a kind of spiritual civil war, in its way every bit as unsettling as the feudal civil war, and which in its most dreadful hour would end with bloodshed in the Cathedral. | |
| wan cheng yi liang xiang zi ran bu zai hua xia, dan ling ren zhen jing de shi heng li zheng zhong fa shi yao zuo dao san si xiang. zai heng li yi qian, shen pan zhi shi" guo wang suo yan, zhao zuo bian shi". dao le heng li tong zhi de wan qi, guo wang de shen pan, bu zai yi lai yu guo wang qin zi dao chang zhu chi. heng li she li le gu ding de zhi ye fa ting, zuo zhen wei si min si te, huo zai ge di xun hui kai ting, yi ta de ming yi zhu chi shen pan. ru jin, fa lv cheng wei" ting ting fa guan zen me shuo". 1180 nian, fa guan men ke yi cha yue ying ge lan di yi ben he fa de jiao cai, yi qi zhong de pan li zuo wei shen pan de yi ju, fa lv zhong yu you le zi ji de zun yan, er zheng shi di yi tiao shi yan, bao hu jiao hui, shui dou mei you xiang dao zao cheng le heng li er shi zui da de bei ju, you ci bao fa de xin yang zhi zhan, qi ji lie cheng du si hao bu ya yu guo tu zhi zheng, zhi jie dao zhi le zui hou de can ju, yi da jiao tang de liu xie shi jian shou chang. |
| Fulfilling one and two went without saying. But what was surprising about Henry was he took vows three and four just as seriously. Before Henry, justice was, " Do what I want, I' m the king." By the end of Henry' s reign, getting the king' s justice didn' t depend on the king being there in person. Henry had established permanent, professional courts, sitting at Westminster or touring the counties, acting reliably in his name. Now law became, " Listen to what my judges have to say." By 1180, those judges could consult England' s first legal textbook full of precedents on which to base their decisions. The law now had its own kind of majesty. It was vow Number One though, the protection of the Church, which quite unpredictably would cause Henry II the greatest grief. It was to provoke a kind of spiritual civil war, in its way every bit as unsettling as the feudal civil war, and which in its most dreadful hour would end with bloodshed in the Cathedral. | |
| wán chéng yī liǎng xiàng zì rán bù zài huà xià, dàn lìng rén zhèn jīng de shì hēng lì zhèng zhòng fā shì yào zuò dào sān sì xiàng. zài hēng lì yǐ qián, shěn pàn zhǐ shì" guó wáng suǒ yán, zhào zuò biàn shì". dào le hēng lì tǒng zhì de wǎn qī, guó wáng de shěn pàn, bù zài yī lài yú guó wáng qīn zì dào chǎng zhǔ chí. hēng lì shè lì le gù dìng de zhí yè fǎ tíng, zuò zhèn wēi sī mǐn sī tè, huò zài gè dì xún huí kāi tíng, yǐ tā de míng yì zhǔ chí shěn pàn. rú jīn, fǎ lǜ chéng wéi" tīng tīng fǎ guān zěn me shuō". 1180 nián, fǎ guān men kě yǐ chá yuè yīng gé lán dì yī běn hé fǎ de jiào cái, yǐ qí zhōng de pàn lì zuò wéi shěn pàn de yī jù, fǎ lǜ zhōng yú yǒu le zì jǐ de zūn yán, ér zhèng shì dì yī tiáo shì yán, bǎo hù jiào huì, shuí dōu méi yǒu xiǎng dào zào chéng le hēng lì èr shì zuì dà de bēi jù, yóu cǐ bào fā de xìn yǎng zhī zhàn, qí jī liè chéng dù sī háo bù yà yú guó tǔ zhī zhēng, zhí jiē dǎo zhì le zuì hòu de cǎn jù, yǐ dà jiào táng de liú xiě shì jiàn shōu chǎng. |
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