Stripped (Oscar Salguero Video Edit) Lyrics
| Song | Stripped (Oscar Salguero Video Edit) |
| Artist | New Life Generation |
| Album | Dance Mode - A Tribute To Depeche Mode (Vol.1) |
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| Song | Stripped (Oscar Salguero Video Edit) |
| Artist | New Life Generation |
| Album | Dance Mode - A Tribute To Depeche Mode (Vol.1) |