Stripped (Oscar Salguero Edit) Lyrics
| Song | Stripped (Oscar Salguero Edit) |
| Artist | New Life Generation |
| Album | Harlem Dance Hits 2013 - Best of Electro Shake Club Tracks |
YouTube Results (More on YouTube)
| Song | Stripped (Oscar Salguero Edit) |
| Artist | New Life Generation |
| Album | Harlem Dance Hits 2013 - Best of Electro Shake Club Tracks |